[Clinical diagnosis and treatment strategies for orthodontic-related mucogingival deformities and conditions].

Gingival recession is a common complication of orthodontic treatment, with its occurrence associated with multiple factors such as periodontal phenotype, the width and thickness of keratinized gingiva, alveolar bone morphology, and plaque control. This article first reviews the impact of orthodontic tooth movement, particularly labial tipping of anterior teeth, on periodontal hard and soft tissues. It emphasizes that the risks of orthodontic-related bone fenestration, bone dehiscence, and gingival recession are significantly increased in the presence of a thin gingival biotype, inadequate keratinized gingiva, as well as thinned or deficient buccal bone plates. Subsequently, through case integration, a phased clinical decision-making pathway is proposed: during the three stages of pre-, mid-, and post-orthodontics, baseline risk assessment, judgment of tooth movement direction and tissue volume on the pressure side, the timing and methods of preventive/therapeutic soft/hard tissue augmentation and root coverage procedures are respectively addressed. This approach aims to establish a comprehensive patient management strategy centered on "mucogingival consideration" for orthodontic patients, thereby providing practical guidance for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of orthodontic-related periodontal mucogingival deformities and conditions.