Cerebellar-cortical dysfunction and schizophrenia: Advances in neurocognition and therapeutic strategies.

Schizophrenia imposes a global health burden characterized by treatment-refractory cognitive deficits, with converging evidence implicating cerebellar-cortical circuit dysfunction as a pivotal pathophysiological mechanism. In this review, we focus on the advances from neuroimaging, molecular, and therapeutic studies to elucidate the cerebellum's role in schizophrenia-related cognitive pathology. Particularly, we aim to address the advances across four domains: cognitive subtyping in schizophrenia; cerebellar-cortical connectivity evidenced from anatomical, lesion, and neuroimaging studies; multiscale neuropathology in molecular, cellular, and structural alterations; and emerging therapeutics targeting cerebellar nodes through pharmacological, neuromodulatory, and molecular approaches. Collectively, this work supports the cerebellum's role as a critical hub involved in cognitive pathology of schizophrenia.