Ambiguities in the effect of physical activity on bone remodelling in spondyloarthritis.

Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is characterized by inflammation of joints and entheses, leading to structural damage and loss of bone mineral density. The goal of this narrative review was to analyse the impact of physical activity on bone remodelling in patients with SpA. Two investigators searched the PubMed, Scopus, Directory of Open Access Journals, and Web of Science bibliographic databases (May 20, 2024; October 4, 2024; and May 19, 2025), then screened the articles for compliance with the inclusion criteria. Six related articles were included. No studies directly assessed the impact of physical activity on bone density in SpA. Prior research showed that short-term exercise does not affect ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging findings, while repeated activities, such as certain job types, may worsen structural damage. Data regarding the effect of physical activity on bone remodelling are scarce, and results are divergent. More research regarding biomechanical stress and bone remodelling is needed.