Loneliness and Hopelesness: Their Role in the Depressive Cases during the COVID Pandemia.

The COVID-19 pandemic has created new problems and presented new challenges for its management. Hope, or rather its absence, social isolation and loneliness are considered risk factors for the development of anxious and depressive symptoms. Health authorities have had to address issues regarding the mental health risks that the pandemic has created. There is numerous scientific evidences of the increase in affective disorders in the last two years. Associated with these disorders, particular characteristics of personality temperament, such as affective temperament, can determine an increased risk especially in some patient populations, such as the elderly, with significant negative consequences on the quality of life and on the onset of mental and organic diseases. The hope of the end of the pandemic has been placed on mass vaccination. After an initial enthusiasm there was a growing concern about its side effects. An adequate information policy is necessary to put an end to concerns about vaccines and thus lead to an increase in hope for the future and an end to social isolation.