Neuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society · 2025
Correlation of Electrical Impedance and Evoked Potentials With Properties of the Electrode Interface Using in Situ Block-Face Imaging of the Rat Pelvic Nerve.
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Payne Sophie C, Bowman Christopher, Keast Janet R, Trang Ella P, Osborne Peregrine B, Fallon James B
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Electrical stimulation is an emerging therapy for urologic disorders. The interface between electrode and neural tissue is a critical region of interest given it affects thresholds of neural activation. Measures of electrode impedance are used clinically to estimate tissue fibrosis at the interface; however, the relationship between impedance and fibrosis is not well defined.
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the relationship between interface tissue fibrosis and nerve distance from electrode surface with measurements of impedance and evoked thresholds using a chronic model of visceral nerve implantation.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: An extraneural four-platinum electrode array was implanted on the rat (N = 14) pelvic nerve and measured common ground impedance, transimpedance, and electrically evoked neural thresholds during two weeks of implantation. A novel serial block-face staining and imaging technique was used to assess the electrode-nerve interface in situ.
RESULTS: Analysis revealed no significant correlations between impedance or neural threshold and fibrotic tissue area (p > 0.05). Proximal electrodes 1 and 2 were significantly further away from neural tissue than were distal electrodes 3 and 4 (p < 0.011). Despite this, there were no differences in neural thresholds among electrode configurations (p > 0.05).
CONCLUSION: Measurements of electrode impedance and neural thresholds indicate the presence but not the absolute amount of interface tissue fibrosis. Understanding the dynamics of the nerve-electrode interface is essential for designing suitable peripheral nerve electrode arrays and informing on stimulation parameters to advance the future clinical use of pelvic nerve stimulation as a neuromodulation therapy in urologic disorders.
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the relationship between interface tissue fibrosis and nerve distance from electrode surface with measurements of impedance and evoked thresholds using a chronic model of visceral nerve implantation.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: An extraneural four-platinum electrode array was implanted on the rat (N = 14) pelvic nerve and measured common ground impedance, transimpedance, and electrically evoked neural thresholds during two weeks of implantation. A novel serial block-face staining and imaging technique was used to assess the electrode-nerve interface in situ.
RESULTS: Analysis revealed no significant correlations between impedance or neural threshold and fibrotic tissue area (p > 0.05). Proximal electrodes 1 and 2 were significantly further away from neural tissue than were distal electrodes 3 and 4 (p < 0.011). Despite this, there were no differences in neural thresholds among electrode configurations (p > 0.05).
CONCLUSION: Measurements of electrode impedance and neural thresholds indicate the presence but not the absolute amount of interface tissue fibrosis. Understanding the dynamics of the nerve-electrode interface is essential for designing suitable peripheral nerve electrode arrays and informing on stimulation parameters to advance the future clinical use of pelvic nerve stimulation as a neuromodulation therapy in urologic disorders.