Comparative Evaluation of Decellularized Human Amniotic Membrane and Wharton's Jelly in a Rat Model of Myocardial Infarction: Experimental Study.

Background/Objectives: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains a major cause of global morbidity and mortality and is a leading factor in the development of heart failure. This study investigated the regenerative potential of decellularized human amniotic membrane (HAM) and Wharton's jelly (WJ) in a rat model of left ventricular dysfunction induced by acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods: Twenty-three rats underwent left anterior descending coronary artery ligation and were randomized into three groups: control (saline), WJ (decellularized WJ), and HAM (decellularized HAM). Results: After 30 days, echocardiographic, histopathological, and immunohistochemical assessments were performed. No significant differences in ventricular function were observed among groups. However, the HAM-treated group showed a significant reduction in myocardial fibrosis compared with the control (p = 0.009), suggesting attenuation of post-infarction remodeling. Despite the absence of measurable functional recovery, HAM demonstrated potential to promote more favorable tissue organization. Study limitations include the lack of a sham-operated group, short follow-up period, and absence of quantitative decellularization validation. Conclusions: Overall, the results indicate that decellularized HAM may act as a structural modulator of myocardial remodeling, warranting further studies with longer follow-up and combination approaches, such as cell-based or growth factor-enhanced therapies.