Advances in celiac disease.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Increasing numbers of atypical or asymptomatic cases of celiac disease are being diagnosed. This review aims to summarize recent critical research in celiac disease.

RECENT FINDINGS: Alternative candidate genes outside of the human leukocyte antigen complex continue to be identified, whilst innate and adaptive immune responses to key gliadin epitopes are now both recognized to be important in celiac disease pathogenesis.

SUMMARY: Serological tests and small bowel biopsy remain the cornerstones of diagnosis. Treatment options other than the restrictive gluten-free diet remain limited.