Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis associated with Epstein Barr virus and Leishmania donovani coinfection in a child from Cyprus.

We present a case of a 9-month-old girl from Cyprus with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis associated with Epstein Barr virus and Leishmania donovani coinfection. Treatment with liposomal amphotericin B resulted in a dramatic resolution of clinical and laboratory abnormalities. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a coinfection-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and the first clinical report of visceral leishmaniasis infection in Europe by L. donovani.