Shaping focal field by grafted polarization.

Treatment options for stage I/II bulky and advanced-stage disease have recently extensively changed. For decades in North America, ABVD (doxorubicin hydrochloride [Adriamycin], bleomycin sulfate, vinblastine sulfate, and dacarbazine) has been a frontline standard-of-care option for patients with advanced classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL). Recent data on combining brentuximab vedotin, doxorubicin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine demonstrated improved overall survival compared with ABVD but increased adverse events (AEs). We hypothesized that replacing vinblastine with nivolumab (brentuximab vedotin and nivolumab [AN] + doxorubicin and dacarbazine [AD]; AN+AD) may improve efficacy and safety. This phase 2, open-label multipart, multicenter study enrolled patients with treatment-naive stage II bulky or III/IV cHL. Patients received ≤6 cycles of AN+AD; granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) prophylaxis was optional, per institutional guidelines. At the time of planned analysis (N = 57), complete response (CR) and objective response rates were 88% (95% confidence interval [CI], 76.3-94.9) and 93% (95% CI, 83.0-98.1), respectively. With a median follow-up of 24.2 months (95% CI, 23.4-26.9), the 2-year progression-free survival rate was 88% (95% CI, 75.7-94.6); 88% (95% CI, 75.7-94.6) had a response lasting >2 years. Most common grade ≥3 treatment-related AEs were alanine aminotransferase increased (11%) and neutropenia (9%); 44% had treatment-related peripheral sensory neuropathy (grade 1/2, 40%; grade 3, 4%). No febrile neutropenia occurred; 49% received G-CSF prophylaxis. AN+AD led to a high CR rate and favorable safety profile. Further evaluation of programmed death receptor 1 inhibitor and CD30 antibody-drug conjugate combination regimens in frontline advanced-stage cHL is warranted. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT03646123 and www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu as #EudraCT 2020-004027-17.