Conclusion and future directions.

Bendamustine is a bifunctional mechlorethamine derivative that shares similarities to other alkylators; however, the presence of a benzimidazole ring may confer "nucleoside-like" properties and may allow the stabilization of the molecule leading to longer lasting DNA damage. Though bendamustine has demonstrated promising response rates in preclinical and clinical studies, particularly in follicular lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, diffuse B-cell lymphoma, and mantle cell lymphoma, the unique and exact mechanism of action of this agent remains unclear. Several studies have been initiated to address this question, and it is hoped that emerging data will provide the basis for more effective utilization of this interesting drug. Several recent clinical trials have reported impressive results with bendamustine in lymphoid malignancies, and appropriate clinical use of this agent and the rationale behind its use are of growing importance. This review discussed emerging data and aimed to provide clinical updates and scientific rationales that are relevant to practicing clinicians who provide care to patients with lymphoid malignancies, and/or who are interested in understanding the evolving role of bendamustine in this setting.