Cryopreservation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes: Strategies, Challenges, and Future Directions.

In recent years, human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) have emerged as a vital cell source for in vitro modeling of genetic cardiovascular disorders, drug screening, and in vivo cardiac regeneration research. Looking forward, the ability to efficiently cryopreserve hPSC-CMs without compromising their normal biochemical and physiologic functions will dramatically facilitate their various biomedical applications. Although working protocols for freezing, storing, and thawing hPSC-CMs have been established, the question remains as to whether they are optimal. In this chapter, we discuss our current understanding of cryopreservation appertaining to hPSC-CMs, and proffer key questions regarding the mechanical, contractile, and regenerative properties of cryopreserved hPSC-CMs.