Biomarkers in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review highlights the key studies investigating various types of biomarkers in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD).

RECENT FINDINGS: Several proteomic and metabolomic studies have been undertaken in both human DMD patients and animal models of DMD that have identified potential biomarkers in DMD. Although there have been a number of proteomic and metabolomic studies that have identified various potential biomarkers in DMD, more definitive studies still need to be undertaken in DMD patients to firmly correlate these biomarkers with diagnosis, disease progression, and monitoring the effects of novel treatment strategies being developed.