Role of anti-angiogenic factors in the pathogenesis of breast cancer: A review of therapeutic potential.

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in women, which can metastasize to other organs and has a high mortality rate. Previous studies have shown that angiogenic factors can contribute to tumor growth, development, and metastasis by altering the tumor microenvironment (TME). These angiogenic factors include a wide range of molecules, and in contrast, anti-angiogenic factors also inhibit angiogenesis and inhibit tumor growth. Evidence suggests that an imbalance between angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors leads to angiogenesis, facilitating the migration of tumor cells from the source tissue in the breast to other organs such as the lung, liver, bone, and brain. By supplying blood through these neomicrovascular vessels, the nutrients and oxygen needed to grow tumor cells are provided. Due to the significant anti-tumor role of anti-angiogenesis factors, cancer researchers have always considered these molecules, and it is believed that anti-angiogenesis factors can be employed in cancer treatment approaches. This review discusses the role of anti-angiogenesis agents in breast cancer pathogenesis and reviews therapeutic approaches based on anti-angiogenesis factors.