Isthmin 1, matrix metalloproteinase 8 and asprosin as potential biomarkers in periodontitis with obesity.

OBJECTIVE

Isthmin 1 (ISM1), matrix metalloproteinase 8 (MMP-8) and asprosin are cytokines involved in the inflammatory and obesity. But the role of them in the periodontitis with obesity remains unknown. This study aims to determine the levels of ISM1, MMP8 and asprosin from gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), saliva and plasma in patients with obesity and periodontitis, and then analyze the association between them and periodontitis with obesity.

MATERIALS AND

METHODS

A total of 60 patients were divided into four groups based on body mass index (BMI), clinical probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and panoramic photography. The groups were (1) normal weight & periodontally healthy participants (NnP), (2) obese & periodontally healthy participants (OnP), (3) normal weight participants with periodontitis (NP) and (4) obese participants with periodontitis (OP). The GCF, saliva and plasma levels of human ISM1, MMP-8 and asprosin were quantified by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay.

RESULTS

The levels of ISM1 and MMP-8 in plasma, which were positively associated with BMI, were higher in two obese groups as compared with non-obese groups with significant difference. MMP-8 and ISM1 were also positively correlated with pocket depth among whole population. Based on negative binomial regression, groups of obesity saw a significant positive correlation between CAL/PD and ISM1, MMP-8, asprosin in GCF, as well as BMI.

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, circulating levels of ISM1 and MMP-8 were significantly elevated in patients with obesity and positively correlated with BMI. Importantly, our study demonstrates that ISM1 and MMP-8 levels in GCF reflect the severity of periodontitis, as evidenced by their strong positive association with clinical parameters such as PD and CAL. Non-invasive method of testing ISM1, MMP-8 and asprosin could be an effective reference tool for evaluating periodontitis in patients with obesity. All in all, ISM1, MMP-8 and asprosin might be potential biomarkers in periodontitis with obesity.