Prevalence of hypertension and diabetes in Bangladesh: identifying gaps in awareness and misinformation.

OBJECTIVE

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are a growing health burden in low- and middle-income countries, with hypertension and poor glycaemic control being key contributors. This study aimed to assess the prevalence, awareness, and misinformation surrounding hypertension and diabetes in Bangladesh, identifying high-risk groups.

METHODS

Data from the nationally representative 2022 Bangladesh Demographic Health Survey were analysed, covering 13,344 adults aged 17-95 years. We applied complex survey weighted regression modelling, spatial analysis, and machine learning techniques to explore trends, regional disparities, and factors influencing NCD awareness.

RESULTS

The prevalence of hypertension (≥ 140/90 mm Hg) or diabetes (blood glucose ≥ 126 mg/dL or 7.0 mmol/L) was 31%, rising to 52% among adults aged 50 + . Notably, 17% of affected individuals in this age group were unaware of their condition. Among adults aged 50 + , 34% had undiagnosed hypertension, while 38% across all ages were unaware of their diabetes. Females developed hypertension earlier than males. Regional disparities were evident, with the highest NCD prevalence in Feni (40%), Naogaon (37%), and Natore (36%). Awareness varied by age, sex, BMI, and mobile phone ownership, which was linked to misinformation. Adults aged 30-39 had 2.11 times higher odds of unawareness (95% CI: 1.75, 2.56), rising to 5.61 times in those aged 70 + (95% CI: 4.36, 7.20) compared to those under 30. Obese individuals were 3.07 times more likely to be unaware than those classified as underweight (95% CI: 2.33, 4.05).

CONCLUSIONS

This study reveals gaps in health literacy and screening access, contributing to the escalating NCD burden in Bangladesh.