Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)-associated cytogenetic abnormalities in pediatric chronic myelogenous leukemia.

Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is very rare in the pediatric population. We report the case of a 2-year-old female with CML and concurrent myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) associated cytogenetic abnormalities. The co-existence of t(9;22) and chromosomal deletions that are associated with MDS poses a unique diagnostic challenge. Given the reported association of t(9;22) and genomic instability, we hypothesize that the chromosomal deletions represent clonal evolution of the CML.