Radiation Therapy for Non-Malignant Central Nervous System Tumors, Disorders, and Illnesses - Current Applications and Future Directions.

Radiation therapy has a central role in the treatment of various malignant central nervous system tumors, including gliomas, high-grade meningiomas, and brain metastases. This also applies to a plethora of non-malignant central nervous system lesions, such as vestibular schwannomas and arteriovenous malformations, and, in specific situations, for selected functional and psychiatric disorders. In patients with these conditions, the goal of radiation therapy is generally to preserve and stabilize function. In addition, as these illnesses, with some exceptions such as arteriovenous malformations, are rarely life-threatening, the risks of radiation therapy must be interpreted in a different context than for patients with malignancy. Given the continuous and growing interest in the use of radiation therapy for non-malignant tumors and functional conditions, this review summarizes the current and future directions in central nervous system applications, addressing its use for the management of vestibular schwannomas, arteriovenous malformations, trigeminal neuralgia, tremor, Alzheimer's disease, and other psychiatric conditions, such as obsessive-compulsive disorder, addiction, and eating disorders.