Impact of gastrointestinal tract diseases on the oral cavity manifestations.

Gastrointestinal diseases often manifest in the oral cavity, sometimes preceding systemic symptoms and serving as early indicators of underlying conditions. This review explores the oral manifestations associated with various gastrointestinal disorders, emphasizing their diagnostic significance and the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration. Diseases such as Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, celiac disease, gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and rare syndromes like Peutz-Jeghers, Gardner's, Cowden, and Plummer-Vinson are discussed in terms of their oral presentations. These include specific lesions such as lip swelling, mucositis, enamel defects, and pigmentation, as well as non-specific symptoms like aphthae, glossitis, dry mouth, and halitosis. Early recognition of oral symptoms can facilitate timely diagnosis and treatment, improving patient outcomes. Despite growing interest, further research is needed to clearly define oral manifestations across gastrointestinal diseases and enhance diagnostic protocols.