Interventions for metabolic and endocrine complications of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome and illicit drug use.

Illicit drug use and concurrent infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are associated with metabolic and endocrine complications that may include lipid, carbohydrate, and endocrine metabolism disorders and nutritional deficiencies. Interventions for these metabolic and endocrine complications range from micronutrient supplementation to hormone-replacement therapy. We present the current strategies for the management of metabolic and endocrine disorders of HIV/acquired immunodeficiency virus and drug use. In addition, the panel members (contributing authors of the present supplement) recommend further research to determine the nature and extent of problems and to design better and effective therapies.