Systemic therapy.

Our knowledge base on systemic therapy for breast cancer continues to expand, including further information regarding hormonal prevention in high-risk women, beneficial effects of tamoxifen in noninvasive disease, an update on primary systemic therapy, and optimization of adjuvant strategies, including data on adjuvant chemoendocrine regimens. The proper evaluation of high-dose strategies has been jeopardized by a serious episode of scientific misconduct. New data are also available on palliative options, bisphosphonates, antibody therapies, and novel targets. Data continue to evolve on the role and optimal schedules of taxanes in early-stage and advanced breast cancer. These and other important recent findings are discussed in this review article.