A degradable hydrogel scaffold incorporating the LL-37 for gingival soft tissue regeneration.

Gingival recession exposes the roots, leads to dentin hypersensitivity, and heightens the progression of periodontitis, and poses a threat to oral health and appearance. Conventional treatment uses autogenous palatal grafts, requiring a second surgical site and adding patient discomfort. To overcome autograft limitations, this study developed a hydrogel scaffold as a potential biomaterial candidate for gingival soft tissue augmentation. We developed a multifunctional HA/SF hydrogel scaffold by incorporating EGCG and the antimicrobial peptide LL-37. It exhibits antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and pro-angiogenic activities. Its 3D network mimics the native extracellular matrix (ECM), enables minimally invasive delivery and conforms to irregular root surfaces. In vitro, it inhibits bacterial growth and adhesion, and significantly reduces pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Animal experiments in rats showed that the HA/SF/EGCG/LL37 scaffold significantly increased neovascular density, improved collagen fiber organization and enhanced anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects versus controls. By balancing oral microbiota, dampening excessive inflammation and reducing oxidative stress, it represents a promising biologically active strategy that may facilitate gingival soft tissue regeneration.