A multimodal approach to early detection of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity: complementary roles of left ventricular global longitudinal strain, left atrial reservoir strain, and high-sensitivity troponin I.

BACKGROUND

Anthracycline-based chemotherapy is highly effective in breast cancer treatment but is limited by dose-dependent cardiotoxicity. Early identification of subclinical myocardial injury is crucial to prevent progression to irreversible dysfunction.

OBJECTIVES

To evaluate whether a multimodal surveillance strategy integrating left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LVGLS), left atrial reservoir strain (LASr), and high-sensitivity troponin I (hs-TnI) can predict early anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity.

METHODS

This retrospective cohort study included 50 female breast cancer patients (mean age 49.3 ± 8.5 years) treated between January 2022 and December 2024. Echocardiography and biomarkers were assessed at baseline and 1 month after chemotherapy. Cardiotoxicity was defined as a > 10% reduction in LVEF to < 53%.

RESULTS

Cardiotoxicity occurred in 15 patients (30%). LVGLS, LASr, and hs-TnI significantly changed (all P < 0.001). Independent predictors were LVGLS (aOR 1.33), LASr (aOR 0.77), and hs-TnI (aOR 1.07). hs-TnI showed the highest discriminative ability (AUC 0.940).

CONCLUSIONS

LVGLS, LASr, and hs-TnI provide complementary information for early detection of cardiotoxicity.