Nature · 2020

Population genomics of the Viking world.

Историческая статьяСтатьяПоддержка исследования: вне правительства СШАНазвание и аннотация: Перевод пока не подготовлен

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Margaryan Ashot, Lawson Daniel J, Sikora Martin, Racimo Fernando, Rasmussen Simon, Moltke Ida, Cassidy Lara M, Jørsboe Emil, Ingason Andrés, Pedersen Mikkel W, Korneliussen Thorfinn, Wilhelmson Helene, Buś Magdalena M, de Barros Damgaard Peter, Martiniano Rui, Renaud Gabriel, Bhérer Claude, Moreno-Mayar J Víctor, Fotakis Anna K, Allen Marie, Allmäe Raili, Molak Martyna, Cappellini Enrico, Scorrano Gabriele, McColl Hugh, Buzhilova Alexandra, Fox Allison, Albrechtsen Anders, Schütz Berit, Skar Birgitte, Arcini Caroline, Falys Ceri, Jonson Charlotte Hedenstierna, Błaszczyk Dariusz, Pezhemsky Denis, Turner-Walker Gordon, Gestsdóttir Hildur, Lundstrøm Inge, Gustin Ingrid, Mainland Ingrid, Potekhina Inna, Muntoni Italo M, Cheng Jade, Stenderup Jesper, Ma Jilong, Gibson Julie, Peets Jüri, Gustafsson Jörgen, Iversen Katrine H, Simpson Linzi, Strand Lisa, Loe Louise, Sikora Maeve, Florek Marek, Vretemark Maria, Redknap Mark, Bajka Monika, Pushkina Tamara, Søvsø Morten, Grigoreva Natalia, Christensen Tom, Kastholm Ole, Uldum Otto, Favia Pasquale, Holck Per, Sten Sabine, Arge Símun V, Ellingvåg Sturla, Moiseyev Vayacheslav, Bogdanowicz Wiesław, Magnusson Yvonne, Orlando Ludovic, Pentz Peter, Jessen Mads Dengsø, Pedersen Anne, Collard Mark, Bradley Daniel G, Jørkov Marie Louise, Arneborg Jette, Lynnerup Niels, Price Neil, Gilbert M Thomas P, Allentoft Morten E, Bill Jan, Sindbæk Søren M, Hedeager Lotte, Kristiansen Kristian, Nielsen Rasmus, Werge Thomas, Willerslev Eske

Аннотация

The maritime expansion of Scandinavian populations during the Viking Age (about AD 750-1050) was a far-flung transformation in world history1,2. Here we sequenced the genomes of 442 humans from archaeological sites across Europe and Greenland (to a median depth of about 1×) to understand the global influence of this expansion. We find the Viking period involved gene flow into Scandinavia from the south and east. We observe genetic structure within Scandinavia, with diversity hotspots in the south and restricted gene flow within Scandinavia. We find evidence for a major influx of Danish ancestry into England; a Swedish influx into the Baltic; and Norwegian influx into Ireland, Iceland and Greenland. Additionally, we see substantial ancestry from elsewhere in Europe entering Scandinavia during the Viking Age. Our ancient DNA analysis also revealed that a Viking expedition included close family members. By comparing with modern populations, we find that pigmentation-associated loci have undergone strong population differentiation during the past millennium, and trace positively selected loci-including the lactase-persistence allele of LCT and alleles of ANKA that are associated with the immune response-in detail. We conclude that the Viking diaspora was characterized by substantial transregional engagement: distinct populations influenced the genomic makeup of different regions of Europe, and Scandinavia experienced increased contact with the rest of the continent.

Population genomics of the Viking world.

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