Current management of gastric varices.

Gastric varices are a major hemodynamic feature in patients with portal hypertension. Its incidence as well as bleeding rate is lower than that of esophageal varices. However, rupture of gastric varices sometimes results in very serious consequences in the clinical course and its management is very important. Recent developments in imaging technology have made it possible to evaluate the portal hemodynamics in detail by less invasive procedure. Furthermore, advancements in medical instruments and technologies have led to the development of endoscopic ligation devices, interventional radiology techniques like transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt and balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration, and skills in surgical treatments. This overview will focus on the classification, pathophysiology, current management of gastric varices, and treatments in patient with portal hypertension.