The diagnosis and management of post-traumatic pain syndromes (causalgia).

There are two major categories of post-traumatic pain syndroms: (1) causalgia; and (2) mimocausalgia states or reflex sympathetic dystrophy. Vasoconstriction is usually present. Because of the pain, limitation of motion of the extremity occurs, and may result in permanent disability. There is often a great disparity between the apparent trauma and the severity of the pain. Sympathetic blocks and sympathectomy are definitive modes of therapy. In a series of 147 patients, 56% required surgical sympathectomy. The rest were treated by sympathetic blocks, physical therapy, and other medical measures. Eighty-two percent had excellent relief of pain, 11% had good relief, while 7% had no relief. Thirty-one percent of patients had residual symptoms resulting from the original injury, or from irreversible occurrences on the basis of pain and trophic changes. Emphasis is placed on early recognition and proper treatment.