Research advances in nanomaterials for gastric cancer: Diagnosis and treatment.

In recent years, gastric cancer (GC) has remained a major global health challenge due to its persistently high incidence and mortality rates. Despite significant advances in diagnosis and treatment, patient outcomes remain poor, and existing diagnostic technologies and therapeutic approaches exhibit numerous limitations. Consequently, there is an urgent need for novel diagnostic and therapeutic methods. Nanomaterials have emerged as a research hotspot in recent years, with applications spanning gastric cancer imaging, early detection, drug delivery, phototherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. They are increasingly recognized as innovative breakthroughs in combating gastric cancer. This review aims to summarize the cutting-edge advances in nanotechnology for gastric cancer diagnosis and treatment, providing valuable insights for future developments in this field.