[Physiological and pathological role of adipose tissue innate immune system receptors].

The data of TLR-4 and TLR-2 existance in adipose tissue cells is presented in the review, their signal pathway is described, and an idea of physiological and pathological role of innate immune system receptors is given proof. TLRs activation leads to insulin resistance of adipose, hepatic and muscle cells, which increases glucose and lipids level in blood. This reaction is defined as a condition of physiological insulin resistance, which role is in providing immune processes with energetic and plastic substances. Ligands of TLRs are components of microorganisms: bacterial lipoproteins and liopolysacharides, as well as nonsaturated fatty acids. Inadequate uptake of the latter with food activates TLR-4 and R-2, acting as a mechanism for pathological alterations. Under the conditions of innate imunity receptors excessive activation, there is an adipose tissue inflammation, overproduction of cytokines, along with insulin resistance. It promotes the progress of obesity, diabetes and atherosclerosis.