Synthesis of high-affinity fluorine-functionalized covalent organic framework/graphene oxide by one-pot method for rapid shaker-assisted dispersive filter extraction of fluorine-containing pesticides in medicinal and edible homologous foods.

Excessive residues of fluorine-containing pesticides in medicinal and edible homologous foods pose significant food safety risks. To address this challenge, a high-affinity fluorine-functionalized covalent organic framework/graphene oxide composite (FCOF/GO) was synthesized through a facile one-pot approach. FCOF/GO demonstrates exceptional fluorine-containing pesticide adsorption capacity attributed to its fluorine-rich active sites, coupled with advantageous structural features including high surface area (469.8 m2/g), monodisperse nanopores (∼2.6 nm), and enhanced mass transfer kinetics. Based on FCOF/GO as the adsorbent, a rapid and simple shaker-assisted dispersive filter extraction (SDFE) method was further established, integrated with high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detector (HPLC-UV), to achieve efficient extraction and sensitive detection of fluorine-containing pesticides in medicinal and edible homologous foods. The established FCOF/GO-SDFE-HPLC-UV method showed linearity (r ≥ 0.9990) with the advantages of low limits of detection (0.3-0.9 ng mL-1), high accuracy (77.7-99.6 %) and good precision (RSD ≤ 6.4 %).