Gesundheitswesen (Bundesverband der Arzte des Offentlichen Gesundheitsdienstes (Germany)) · 2026
[Increased risk of overweight and obesity in the rural population in Germany: results of a secondary data analysis of the GEDA 2019/2020-EHIS study].
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Mertink Lena Isabell, Weidmann Christian
Аннотация
AIM: Studies from high-income industrialised nations show that the rural population is usually more affected by overweight and obesity than the urban population, which results in an increased need for preventive strategies. As only a few spatial analyses are available for Germany, the aim of this study was to describe urban-rural differences and to identify possible explanatory factors.
METHODS: In a secondary data analysis, the representative data from the GEDA 2019/2020 EHIS study were analysed. First, a bivariate analysis was conducted to compare the prevalences of overweight and obesity in urban and rural regions. Multinomial logistic regression models were then used to estimate the associations between rurality and the odds of overweight and obesity, adjusting for various known factors.
RESULTS: The bivariate analysis showed a statistically significant correlation between the urbanisation of the place of residence and the prevalence of overweight and obesity. Rural regions were particularly affected, with prevalence rates of 36.6% (overweight) and 22.2% (obesity). The odds were significantly higher in these regions compared to large cities (OR=1.43 for overweight and OR=1.71 for obesity; p<0.001). Although these differences were reduced after adjusting for socio-demographic, socio-economic, and dietary factors as well as physical activity, they remained statistically significant.
CONCLUSION: The rural population in Germany is more likely to be overweight or obese. This correlation cannot be solely explained by the age structure or socio-economic status in rural regions. These findings suggest a potential need for targeted prevention and health promotion strategies for the rural population, which should be further explored in longitudinal studies.
METHODS: In a secondary data analysis, the representative data from the GEDA 2019/2020 EHIS study were analysed. First, a bivariate analysis was conducted to compare the prevalences of overweight and obesity in urban and rural regions. Multinomial logistic regression models were then used to estimate the associations between rurality and the odds of overweight and obesity, adjusting for various known factors.
RESULTS: The bivariate analysis showed a statistically significant correlation between the urbanisation of the place of residence and the prevalence of overweight and obesity. Rural regions were particularly affected, with prevalence rates of 36.6% (overweight) and 22.2% (obesity). The odds were significantly higher in these regions compared to large cities (OR=1.43 for overweight and OR=1.71 for obesity; p<0.001). Although these differences were reduced after adjusting for socio-demographic, socio-economic, and dietary factors as well as physical activity, they remained statistically significant.
CONCLUSION: The rural population in Germany is more likely to be overweight or obese. This correlation cannot be solely explained by the age structure or socio-economic status in rural regions. These findings suggest a potential need for targeted prevention and health promotion strategies for the rural population, which should be further explored in longitudinal studies.