A narrative review on cutaneous manifestations in polycystic ovary syndrome: pathophysiology, diagnosis, management, and psychosocial impact.

BACKGROUND

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine disorder affecting 5%-10% of reproductive-aged women. Its diverse clinical spectrum includes reproductive, metabolic, and dermatological abnormalities, with cutaneous manifestations often serving as visible indicators of underlying hormonal and metabolic imbalances.

OBJECTIVE

This review explores the pathophysiology, diagnosis, management, and psychosocial impact of the cutaneous manifestations of PCOS, providing an integrated understanding of their clinical significance.

METHODS

A comprehensive analysis was conducted based on existing literature to elucidate the underlying mechanisms, diagnostic approaches, and treatment options for dermatological features associated with PCOS, including acne, hirsutism, acanthosis nigricans, seborrheic dermatitis, and androgenic alopecia.

RESULTS

The pathophysiology of cutaneous manifestations in PCOS is driven by hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, and local androgenic effects on the pilosebaceous unit. Acne and hirsutism are among the most common skin findings, followed by androgenic alopecia and acanthosis nigricans. Diagnostic strategies combine clinical evaluation with hormonal assays and imaging. Management requires a multidisciplinary approach encompassing hormonal therapies, lifestyle modifications, and targeted dermatological treatments. Additionally, these manifestations significantly impair psychosocial well-being, necessitating holistic care.

CONCLUSION

Cutaneous manifestations are a cosmetic concern and an essential diagnostic and therapeutic focus in PCOS. Addressing these features can enhance patient outcomes by mitigating physical symptoms and improving quality of life. Future research should emphasize personalized treatments and the psychosocial aspects of care to provide comprehensive management for women with PCOS.