"Preparation and implantation of nanoparticles in tooth enamel using pulsed laser to improve its resistance to bacteria and enhance hardness: an in vitro study".

fluoride formulations have constituted the cornerstone of preventive dentistry; however, the emergence of engineered nanomaterials now portends a transformative shift in the discipline. Metal nanoparticles exhibit the capacity to facilitate the controlled deposition of mineral ions onto the enamel surface and thus to counter the progression of enamel demineralization. This investigation examines the efficacy of a colloidal suspension of silver, gold, platinum and diamond nanoparticles in both caries prophylaxis and remedial treatment of carious lesions, measured against deionized aqueous medium. Mineral density was quantitatively assessed via Vickers surface microhardness profiling. EDX device was also used to calculate the atomic weights of oxygen, phosphorus, and calcium. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of prepared nanoparticles against bacteria that cause tooth decay (S. mutans), as well as studying the virulence factors of bacteria when applying nanomaterials to them and their impact on human tooth enamel. Surface hardness analysis and atomic weight comparison of enamel composition were performed. The characterization of nanoparticle suspension produced by laser ablation in liquid media was conducted using Zeta Potential (ZP), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and UV-visible absorption spectroscopy (UV-visible) to obtain particle size distribution, crystalline phase, and optical absorption data, respectively. Hardness measurements were performed before and after treatment using a Vickers TEST. We used 4 teeth, one tooth per group, to demonstrate the implant technique. Nanoparticles were implanted into the tooth enamel using Nd-YAG laser with a wavelength of 532 nm and a number of pulses of 20. From the previous results, we note an increase in the hardness of the teeth for each group, as the nanoparticles efficiently remineralize human teeth and constitute an effective alternative to mouthwashes containing sodium fluoride.