Managing hypertension in African-American patients.

Epidemiologic evidence indicates that African Americans are at greater risk for hypertension compared with other ethnic groups in the United States. The prevalence of hypertension is estimated to be approximately 37% for this group, compared with 20%-25% for non-Hispanic whites. Hypertension seems to follow a more malignant course in African Americans, possibly as a result of the higher prevalence of concomitant cardiovascular risk factors in this population. Compared with white persons with hypertension, these patients are at increased risk for left ventricular hypertrophy, heart failure, and end-stage renal disease. Data suggest that ethnicity may influence the response to certain types of antihypertensive medication. Additional data indicate that more aggressive use of combination therapy may improve clinical outcomes among high-risk hypertensive patients. Based on these findings, recommendations are made for the optimal clinical management of hypertension in African-American patients.