American journal of veterinary research · 2026
Ultrasound-guided injection of bupivacaine into the cricoarytenoid dorsalis muscle as a novel technique for transiently inducing laryngeal hemiplegia in horses.
СтатьяНазвание и аннотация: Перевод в очереди
Обработка статьи · этапы, ошибки и управление
Загрузка состояния…
Ошибки и ограничения
История · было → стало
Состояние обновляется каждые 5 секунд, пока блок открыт. Процент показывается только там, где известен объём работы. Пауза останавливает продолжение этапа; текущий запрос к источнику может завершиться.
Massie Shannon, Bayly Warwick M, Takahashi Yuji, Léguillette Renaud
Аннотация
OBJECTIVE: In clinical research, laryngeal hemiplegia (LH) is induced by temporarily supressing recurrent laryngeal nerve function; however, the technique is challenging. The aim was to develop a novel method to induce LH by injecting bupivacaine directly into the cricoarytenoid dorsalis (CAD) muscle with ultrasound guidance.
ANIMALS: 5 cadaver larynges and 9 Thoroughbreds with normal laryngeal function.
METHODS: Part 1: A high-frequency (6.5- to 13.0-MHz) linear ultrasound probe was used to inject methylene blue (5 mL) into the CAD of 5 cadaver larynges. Part 2: The left side of the larynges of 9 horses were aseptically prepared, and the cricoid, thyroid, and arytenoid cartilages were identified with ultrasonography. With the use of a horizontal view dorsally, the cricoarytenoid lateralis muscle was visualized, followed by the arytenoid cartilage and CAD superficial to the cricoarytenoid joint. An 18-gauge, 3.5-inch spinal needle was advanced into the left CAD under ultrasound guidance. Bupivacaine was injected (0.5% concentration, 4.5 mL). Part 3: The efficiency, reversibility, and duration of LH was assessed at rest and during maximal treadmill exercise with overground endoscopy. Laryngeal function was reassessed 1 week later.
RESULTS: All cadaver larynges showed evidence of methylene blue in the CAD, confirming that ultrasonography can be used to inject the CAD. Laryngeal hemiplegia was observed within 5 minutes of injection (grade IV), continued throughout exercise (grade D), and persisted for 70 to 90 minutes after exercise (grade IV). Horses had normal CAD echogenicity and laryngeal function at rest and exercise 7 days after injection.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Injecting bupivacaine into the CAD under ultrasound guidance is a practical technique for inducing transient LH that is sustainable during maximal exercise.
ANIMALS: 5 cadaver larynges and 9 Thoroughbreds with normal laryngeal function.
METHODS: Part 1: A high-frequency (6.5- to 13.0-MHz) linear ultrasound probe was used to inject methylene blue (5 mL) into the CAD of 5 cadaver larynges. Part 2: The left side of the larynges of 9 horses were aseptically prepared, and the cricoid, thyroid, and arytenoid cartilages were identified with ultrasonography. With the use of a horizontal view dorsally, the cricoarytenoid lateralis muscle was visualized, followed by the arytenoid cartilage and CAD superficial to the cricoarytenoid joint. An 18-gauge, 3.5-inch spinal needle was advanced into the left CAD under ultrasound guidance. Bupivacaine was injected (0.5% concentration, 4.5 mL). Part 3: The efficiency, reversibility, and duration of LH was assessed at rest and during maximal treadmill exercise with overground endoscopy. Laryngeal function was reassessed 1 week later.
RESULTS: All cadaver larynges showed evidence of methylene blue in the CAD, confirming that ultrasonography can be used to inject the CAD. Laryngeal hemiplegia was observed within 5 minutes of injection (grade IV), continued throughout exercise (grade D), and persisted for 70 to 90 minutes after exercise (grade IV). Horses had normal CAD echogenicity and laryngeal function at rest and exercise 7 days after injection.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Injecting bupivacaine into the CAD under ultrasound guidance is a practical technique for inducing transient LH that is sustainable during maximal exercise.