Antitissue transglutaminase antibodies in acute coronary syndrome: an alert signal of myocardial tissue lesion?

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Antitransglutaminase, previously considered identical to antiendomysial in coeliac sprue (CS), have been reported in end-stage heart failure. To clarify the above-mentioned data, we evaluated these antibodies in a cohort of cardiological patients with respect to troponin I, creatine kinase (CK), MB fraction creatine kinase (CK-MB mass) and myoglobin.

METHODS

Forty-one patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), 39 with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), 45 with CS and 58 blood donors (BDs) were evaluated. Antitransglutaminase and antiendomysial antibodies were tested in serum of the patients being studied.

RESULTS

High-positive antitransglutaminase values were found in CS, whilst low-positive values were also found in ACS and DCM. In patients at the second ACS, antibody levels were higher than in those at the first cardiac event. In patients with infarct Q, antitransglutaminase were higher than those in infarct non-Q, in which antibody levels were higher than those in unstable angina. A correlation between antitransglutaminase and troponin I, CK, CK-MB mass and myoglobin was found. Finally, antibody levels rose to reach a peak at 30 days from the cardiac event, whereas after further 150 days, approached the values of BDs. Antiendomysial were detectable only in CS.

CONCLUSIONS

Data highlight that antitransglutaminase can occur in cardiological patients, and that these antibodies are related to the severity/extent of the myocardial tissue lesion. This feature suggests a loss of specificity for antitransglutaminase in CS. Furthermore, the possibility of employing these antibodies in the long-term follow-up of ACS, could become an object of interesting discussion.