Guillain-Barré syndrome and severe infection following chemotherapy for peripheral T-cell lymphoma: A case report.

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a rare complication of malignant lymphoma. The current study describes a case of GBS in a patient with peripheral T-cell lymphoma not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS). A 47-year-old male was admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Zhengzhou, China) with systemic multiple subcutaneous nodules and was diagnosed with stage IV high-grade PTCL-NOS (according to the Revised European American Lymphoma Classification). During chemotherapy, severe infection and progressive flaccid quadriparesis appeared, which eventually developed to respiratory muscles paralysis. The clinical course and neurological examination were consistent with GBS. Following mechanical ventilation and intravenous immunoglobulin administration, the neurological symptoms were in remission after one month. Three months later, the patient achieved complete remission without any treatment during this period. We hypothesized that immune reconstruction may have a significant role in this phenomenon.