Quantifying Mechanical Properties of Fresh Ovarian Tissue with Optical Brillouin Microscopy.

Mechanical properties play a critical role in regulating ovarian function, yet their spatial variation within intact tissue remains poorly understood due to the limitations of conventional mechanical testing techniques. Confocal Brillouin microscopy offers a non-contact and label-free approach for mapping mechanical properties of the intact ovarian tissue without perturbing tissue structure. In fresh ovarian tissue, Brillouin images reveal spatial heterogeneity in mechanical properties across follicles, surrounding stroma, and fluid-filled regions, suggesting underlying differences in cellular organization and extracellular matrix composition. These measurements capture both inter- and intra-follicular variations, providing insight into regional differences in mechanical properties within and between follicles. This chapter outlines the principles of Brillouin microscopy and its application to fresh ovarian tissue, highlighting its capability to resolve microscale mechanical variations in situ. This method provides a foundation for understanding the role of mechanical properties in ovarian function, with potential applications in disease models and reproductive health research.