Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2026
Manipulation of protein translation and stem cell self-renewal by CRISPR activation of rRNA transcription.
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Wiesbeck Maximilian, Alard Emilie L, Merino Florencia, Chowdhury Niti, Egert Luisa, Danese Anna, Imhof Simon, Iraci Borgia Matilde, Rajan Akshaya, Fernandez-Novel Marx Nadine, Kepesidis Edina, Köferle Anna, Cerron-Alvan Luis Miguel, Vierl Franziska, Truong Thi-Tram, Thorwirth Manja, Bilalli Lorina, Santos Dias Mourão André, Ninkovic Jovica, Schieweck Rico, Diefenbacher Markus, Hauck Stefanie M, Trainor Paul A, Mardakheh Faraz K, Götz Magdalena, Stricker Stefan H
Аннотация
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transcription rates vary during development, and their dysregulation is linked to diseases such as cancer and ribosomopathies. Owing to their high abundance and genomic redundancy, the functional significance of rRNA levels remains unclear. We developed TAPIR (Targeted Activation of Protein Translation), a CRISPR-based approach to elevate rRNA levels by inducing 47S ribosomal DNA transcription. TAPIR increased nucleolar size and enhanced protein synthesis, even in rapidly proliferating cells. In neural stem cells, elevated translation promoted self-renewal and proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, TAPIR enabled the modeling and partial rescue of associated disease phenotypes. Our findings reveal that rRNA levels directly regulate translational output and that protein synthesis capacity can act as a key determinant of mammalian stem cell behavior.