Infralimbic cortex projects to all parts of the pontine and medullary lateral tegmental field in cat.

The infralimbic cortex (ILc) in cat is the ventralmost part of the anterior cingulate gyrus. The ILc, together with the amygdala, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and lateral hypothalamus, is involved in the regulation of fear behavior. The latter three structures are thought to take part in triggering the fear response by means of their projections to the pontine and medullary lateral tegmental field (LTF). The LTF is a large region extending from the parabrachial nuclei rostrally to the spinal cord caudally. It contains almost all the premotor interneurons for the brainstem and for some upper spinal cord motoneurons innervating the muscles of face, head and throat. The question is whether ILc also projects to the LTF. Such a pathway would allow the ILc to influence the fear response by acting directly on these premotor interneurons. Anterograde tracer injections were made in the medial surface of the cortex in four cats. Only when the injection sites involved ILc were anterogradely labeled fibers observed throughout the rostrocaudal extent of the LTF. To verify whether these projections indeed originated from ILc, in two other cases retrograde tracer injections were made in the pontomedullary LTF. The results showed many retrogradely labeled neurons in ILc, but none in adjacent cortical regions. These results show that the ILc projects to the LTF in cat and can possibly modulate the fear response not only via indirect but also via direct routes to the premotor interneurons in the brainstem.