Evaluation of chemerin, fetuin-A, interleukin-34, and interleukin-13 levels following periodontal treatment in diabetes mellitus.

OBJECTIVE

This cohort study investigated salivary and serum chemerin, fetuin-A, interleukin (IL)-34, and IL-13 changes in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) periodontitis following non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT).

MATERIALS AND

METHODS

A total of 110 participants were assigned to five groups (n = 22 each): non-periodontitis, non-periodontitis with T2DM, periodontitis (P), well-controlled T2DM periodontitis (WDM-P), and poorly controlled T2DM periodontitis (PDM-P). Periodontal parameters were recorded and biological samples collected at baseline and/or 3 months post-NSPT. Biomolecule levels were measured using ELISA.

RESULTS

All periodontitis groups improved in periodontal parameters after 3 months (p < 0.05), but the proportion of patients who responded poorly to NSPT was higher in the PDM-P group compared to the P group (p = 0.026). HbA1c decreased in WDM-P and PDM-P groups at 3 months (p < 0.05). All salivary biomolecules were individually associated with periodontitis (p < 0.05), and their combined model distinguished periodontitis (AUC: 0.94). Serum chemerin and fetuin-A were linked to T2DM (p < 0.05), and their combination predicted T2DM (AUC: 0.91). After NSPT, salivary fetuin-A increased, salivary IL-13 decreased in three periodontitis groups (p < 0.05), whereas salivary chemerin, IL-34, and serum IL-34 reduced only in P group (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

Salivary fetuin-A and IL-13 appear involved in periodontitis pathogenesis, while serum chemerin and fetuin-A in the T2DM. T2DM may hinder inflammation resolution, particularly involving chemerin and IL-34.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The distinct biomolecule changes in systemically healthy versus T2DM periodontitis patients suggests that T2DM may impair inflammation resolution, underscoring the importance of personalized periodontal treatment strategies. This study was retrospectively registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT06135532) on November 11, 2023.