[Clinical application of gene mutation information in myeloproliferative neoplasms].

Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are chronic hematopoietic stem cell disorders, including polycythemia vera, essential thrombocytosis, and primary myelofibrosis, characterized by constitutive activation of JAK/STAT signaling. JAK2, MPL, and CALR mutations are considered "driver mutations" and are directly implicated in the disease pathogenesis by activation of JAK2/STAT signaling. In addition to these driver mutations, several other mutations in epigenome regulatory and RNA splicing molecules have been found. This genetic information, especially regarding driver mutations, is essential for the diagnosis of MPN. Furthermore, assessment of non-driver mutations is also becoming increasingly important for disease risk assessment and treatment strategy definition.