ABC transporters in megakaryopoiesis and platelet activity.

ATP-binding cassette (ABC) is a family of transporters that facilitates the translocation of substrates across cell membrane using its ATPase subunit. These transporters have key roles in multidrug resistance, lipid homeostasis, antigen processing, immunity, cell proliferation and hematopoiesis. Some ABC transporters are selectively expressed on megakaryocyte progenitor, megakaryocyte and its cellular fragment platelet. However, the role of ABC transporters in hemostasis and thrombosis were not well explored until recently. Studies of both human genetic diseases and genetically-manipulated animal models have greatly improved our understanding of ABC transporters in regulating hematopoiesis particularly megakaryopoiesis and/or platelet activity. Human genome wide association studies (GWAS) have also unraveled the association between ABC transporters and thrombopoiesis in general population. Therefore, this review aims to summarize the recent advances in our understanding of how ABC transporters regulate megakaryopoiesis and platelet activity, the underlining mechanisms and their association with atherosclerosis and atherothrombosis. Last, the emerging therapeutic targets to slow down atherosclerosis development and prevent atherothrombosis via ABC transporters or downstream pathways will also be discussed.