[Primary hyperparathyroidism].

Primary hyperparathyroidism is the most frequent cause of hypercalcemia in ambulatory patients. Elevated serum parathyroid hormone in the presence of persistent hypercalcemia is the diagnostic sine qua non for primary hyperthyroidism. Since examination of serum calcium became a routine diagnostic test, most patients with primary hyperparathyroidism are asymptomatic at the time of diagnosis. Primary hyperparathyroidism in most of patients is caused by parathyroid adenoma, and parathyroid hyperplasia and cancer are rare causes of the disorder. Parathyroidectomy is the primary treatment of choice for primary hyperparathyroidism by any cause. Parathyroidectomy should be performed in most of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism, but asymptomatic or only mildly hypercalcemic patients are treated according to the guidelines for surgical treatment established by the NIH Consensus Development Conference in 2002. For patients with osteoporosis who are not indicated for or decline surgical procedures can be treated with bisphosphonates.