Sarcoidosis affecting the periodontium: a long-term follow-up case.

BACKGROUND

Clinical manifestations of sarcoidosis affecting the periodontium could mimic aggressive periodontitis. This case report documents the occurrence of sarcoidosis affecting the periodontium, including its clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and 6-year follow-up.

METHODS

An individual with a history of pulmonary sarcoidosis was referred for evaluation and treatment of an aggressive periodontal condition. Clinical, radiographic, and histopathologic findings supported the diagnosis of sarcoidosis affecting the periodontium. Initial treatment consisted of reinforcement of oral hygiene, scaling and root planing, chlorhexidine rinses, and periodontal maintenance. The systemic disease was managed with prednisone, alendronate, and losartan. Twelve months later, the patient returned with severe attachment loss of sudden onset and gingival recession affecting the facial right surfaces of maxillary posterior teeth. In addition, he complained of chronic pain of moderate to severe intensity involving both jaws. The affected teeth were extracted and the surrounding alveolar bone was debrided. Intraoral sarcoidosis was confirmed by histologic findings, and his medications were changed to methotrexate and hydroxychloroquine.

RESULTS

The patient has been followed for 6 years with continuation of the systemic medications and periodontal maintenance every 3 to 4 months without recurrence of intraoral sarcoidosis.

CONCLUSIONS

The main features of this unique periodontal presentation were pain, rapidly progressive gingival recession, and significant changes in alveolar bone density in focal areas. Careful review of medical history and close monitoring of intraoral conditions are critical for patients with a history of sarcoidosis. An intraoral biopsy is necessary to confirm a definitive diagnosis in cases with similar clinical findings.