Recent advances in the clinical and biochemical effects of chromium deficiency.

Signs and symptoms of Cr deficiency in the general population appear widespread due not only to suboptimal intake of dietary Cr but also the elevated consumption of simple sugars that increase Cr losses. A large percentage of the subjects with marginally impaired glucose tolerance or elevated circulating insulin respond to supplemental Cr. The mechanism of action of Cr in the potentiation of insulin activity as well as the exact structure of biologically active chromium is unclear but significant progress is being made. In summary, recent advances in chromium nutrition research strengthen the association of insufficient dietary chromium and risk factors maturity-onset diabetes and cardiovascular diseases and further document the role of chromium in the maintenance of optimal health.