Pathogenic TDP-43 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

The aberrant expression of the transactive response DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43) has been closely associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Cytoplasmic inclusions containing TDP-43 can be found in the brain and spinal cord in up to 97% of ALS cases. Mutations in the TARDBP gene promote the nuclear export of TDP-43, increase cytoplasmic aggregation, and predispose TDP-43 to post-translational modifications. Cleavage of TDP-43 and the resulting C- and N-terminal fragments also contribute to the development of ALS. Cellularly, the resulting impairment of autophagy and mitochondria aggravates cellular damage and neurodegeneration. Given the contribution of pathogenic TDP-43 to the development of ALS, elucidating the mechanisms related to TDP-43 will facilitate finding therapeutic targets for the disease.