Exercise-induced changes of the upper extremity in chronic stroke survivors.

Problems with daily activities due to decreased aerobic capacity and decreased strength are common in people who survive a stroke. Implementation of exercise for the upper extremity is challenging because of weakness and other impairments that limit performance of exercise activities. Although maximal exercise testing protocols are difficult to administer, submaximal testing may be a safe and effective means for prescribing exercise. Research studies have demonstrated that people with stroke can improve aerobic capacity and upper extremity muscle strength with exercise intervention, although the number of randomized controlled trials is limited and this area requires further investigation.