Annals of medicine · 2025
The origin of circulating microbial DNA in the blood: where does it come from?
СтатьяОбзорПоддержка исследования: вне правительства СШАНазвание и аннотация: Перевод пока не подготовлен
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Zhang Zichen, Ren Wenbo, Wang Yifei, Zhai Taiyu, Huang Jing
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Circulating microbial DNA (cmDNA) is a significant biomarker involved in normal physiology, immunity, disease diagnosis, and pathogenesis. Its origin in peripheral blood has sparked extensive discussions and generated numerous hypotheses.
AIM: This review explores four potential sources of cmDNA in the blood and analyzes research limitations and future prospects.
RESULTS: Four potential sources are collated and analyzed: exogenous microbes or DNA entering the peripheral blood after barrier damage; residual pathogen DNA remaining after infectious diseases; microbial translocation from sites such as the oral and intestinal mucosa into the bloodstream; and the extracellular vesicle delivery system, where microorganisms release vesicles to transfer DNA.
CONCLUSIONS: The potential sources of cmDNA in the blood are not mutually exclusive and may be multifaceted, depending on an individual's health condition, sampling time, and contamination control. In-depth study of these sources will open new avenues for early disease detection, precise diagnosis, and prognosis assessment, and encourage further exploration in this promising field.
AIM: This review explores four potential sources of cmDNA in the blood and analyzes research limitations and future prospects.
RESULTS: Four potential sources are collated and analyzed: exogenous microbes or DNA entering the peripheral blood after barrier damage; residual pathogen DNA remaining after infectious diseases; microbial translocation from sites such as the oral and intestinal mucosa into the bloodstream; and the extracellular vesicle delivery system, where microorganisms release vesicles to transfer DNA.
CONCLUSIONS: The potential sources of cmDNA in the blood are not mutually exclusive and may be multifaceted, depending on an individual's health condition, sampling time, and contamination control. In-depth study of these sources will open new avenues for early disease detection, precise diagnosis, and prognosis assessment, and encourage further exploration in this promising field.