Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society · 2021
Vitamin D and COVID-19: A review on the role of vitamin D in preventing and reducing the severity of COVID-19 infection.
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Abdrabbo Mobeen, Birch Cole M, Brandt Michael, Cicigoi Kelsey A, Coffey Stephen J, Dolan Connor C, Dvorak Hannah, Gehrke Ava C, Gerzema Audrey E L, Hansen Abby, Henseler Ethan J, Huelsbeck Alyssa C, LaBerge Ben, Leavens Caterra M, Le Christine N, Lindquist Allison C, Ludwig Rickaela K, Reynolds Jacob H, Severson Nathaniel J, Sherman Brandon A, Sillman Hunter W, Smith Michael A, Smith Macey A, Snortheim Marissa J, Svaren Levi M, Vanderpas Emily C, Wackett Miles J, Wozney Alec J, Bhattacharyya Sudeep, Hati Sanchita
Аннотация
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a pathogenic coronavirus causing COVID-19 infection. The interaction between the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and the human receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, both of which contain several cysteine residues, is impacted by the disulfide-thiol balance in the host cell. The host cell redox status is affected by oxidative stress due to the imbalance between the reactive oxygen/nitrogen species and antioxidants. Recent studies have shown that Vitamin D supplementation could reduce oxidative stress. It has also been proposed that vitamin D at physiological concentration has preventive effects on many viral infections, including COVID-19. However, the molecular-level picture of the interplay of vitamin D deficiency, oxidative stress, and the severity of COVID-19 has remained unclear. Herein, we present a thorough review focusing on the possible molecular mechanism by which vitamin D could alter host cell redox status and block viral entry, thereby preventing COVID-19 infection or reducing the severity of the disease.