A 12-month mHealth low-carbohydrate dietary intervention improved clinical and psychosocial outcomes in people with type 2 diabetes.

AIM: To evaluate the 12 month effect of the Defeat Diabetes mobile health (mHealth) low-carbohydrate dietary (LCD) intervention in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

METHODS

People with T2D were referred to the research team via general practitioners (GPs). Clinical data were collected at baseline and 12 months as part of routine diabetes care. Dietary intake data and participant-reported health outcomes were measured using validated questionnaires. Participant and GP feedback regarding the intervention were also collected. Univariate regression models were used to examine changes.

RESULTS

Of the 99 participants enrolled (mean age 59 ± 11 years, 55 females), 87 completed the 12-month follow-up. Significant reductions were observed in HbA1c (-0·9%; 95 % CI: -1·2 to -0·6), systolic and diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides, and liver enzymes (ALT and GGT). Waist circumference and other cardiometabolic risk markers also improved significantly. Participants self-reported improved perceived health status and self-efficacy, and reduced diabetes related distress. Participants and GPs expressed a high level of satisfaction with the mHealth application.

CONCLUSION

The Defeat Diabetes mHealth LCD intervention resulted in improvements in glycaemic control, cardiometabolic health markers, and self-reported outcomes over 12 months. Positive feedback highlights the value of incorporating LCD-based digital tools into routine T2D management in primary care.