[Markers of oxidative stress and its relationship with microvascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus].

Introduction: type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, associated with increased oxidative stress (OS), defined as the imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant capacity. Aim: to evaluate and compare serum concentrations of OS markers in patients with T2DM, differentiating between those with and without microvascular complications. Materials and methods: an observational, cross-sectional, and analytical study. Patients diagnosed with T2DM and an apparently healthy control group were included. All participants underwent anthropometric assessments, as well as biochemical and oxidative stress determinations. Results: statistically significant differences were observed between the T2DM group and the control group in terms of body mass index (BMI), glucose, triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol, glycosylated hemoglobin, malondialdehyde (MDA), advanced protein oxidation products (PAOP), nitric oxide (NO), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and oxidative stress index (OSI). When analyzing subgroups of patients with T2DM according to the number of microvascular complications, significant differences were detected in BMI, glucose, triglycerides, VLDL cholesterol, and glycosylated hemoglobin. Likewise, when comparing patients without complications with those who had one or two microvascular complications, a significant difference in CAT levels was identified. Conclusions: the biomarkers MDA and PAOP show particular clinical utility in monitoring the redox status in patients with T2DM, especially in the presence of microvascular complications, which supports their potential inclusion in personalized therapeutic and nutritional strategies.